Several sound options in Windows System Settings are greyed out and can't be changed. There's also a notice at the top saying Windows needs to be activated, so I'm wondering whether activation is responsible or if the problem is more likely related to audio drivers such as Realtek. I can access some of the options through advanced or alternative sound menus, but I'd like to understand why the main settings are disabled.
2 Answers
The screenshot isn’t clear enough to identify the exact controls, but the activation notice is a useful clue. Confirm whether Windows is activated, then open the older Sound settings from Control Panel or by searching for “Sound settings.” If the device is missing or marked with a warning in Device Manager, reinstall or update the audio driver.
Windows activation can restrict some settings, so check the activation page first. Even if the greyed-out controls aren’t directly caused by activation, you may still be able to change them through the classic Sound Control Panel or the advanced sound settings. If those options are unavailable there too, check whether your audio device and driver—such as Realtek—are installed and working correctly.

Related Questions
Can't Load PhpMyadmin On After Server Update
Redirect www to non-www in Apache Conf
How To Check If Your SSL Cert Is SHA 1
Windows TrackPad Gestures