What to Do If I Forgot My Apple ID Password and Can’t Access My Verification Phone?

I was trying to recover my Apple ID password and made several attempts, leading to a verification prompt on my old phone number which I no longer have access to. Luckily, I remembered the password from my notes. I'm wondering if Apple will still require the two-factor verification even if I enter the correct password now? How long does this verification hold after repeated failed attempts?