What Language Should I Use to Learn Data Structures?

I'd say go for C++. Since you already have a handle on C, you'll find many similarities in C++. Plus, C++ has the Standard Template Library (STL), which has a lot of built-in data structures like vectors and maps to save you some time. That way, you can still get into the nitty-gritty of memory management and pointers without having to reinvent the wheel for every data structure you're working with. While Java is great, C++ strikes a solid balance for data structures and algorithms.

C or C++ are excellent for learning data structures, especially when it comes to dynamic memory handling. Java is a higher-level language, which means you'll learn data structures but miss out on the hands-on memory management experience. If you’re already familiar with C, sticking with it and transitioning to C++ could really enhance your understanding of data structures.

You could take one of two routes here:
1. Use the language you already know the best and work through the material until you hit a roadblock.
2. Choose a language that gives you a lot of control over low-level features from the get-go. Honestly, I think starting with C will be beneficial; it's foundational for understanding algorithms and data structures, and if you're willing to invest time in it, you'll build a strong base.

C++ is a great choice, especially because it's commonly used in competitive programming. Both C++ and Java have their strengths—once you learn one, picking up another isn’t that hard. Just keep in mind that debugging in C++ might be trickier with segmentation faults, while Java provides clearer error messages. Since you also know Python, don't overlook it; its syntax is simpler and it's becoming very popular for new learners.

You might want to consider holding off on delving into data structures until you feel more confident in a programming language. It sounds like you're already enrolled in a course, so maybe give it six months to pick up more skills before tackling data structures head-on.