How Can I Access Excel Data on OneDrive or SharePoint with Python?

Your concern about the maintenance after shifting jobs is valid. Excel is not the best database format, and OneDrive or SharePoint can be tricky for multiple users. If your program modifies data, you really need strong access control to prevent conflicts and possible data loss. Ideally, a database server would be the right solution, but it's more work for your IT team. A quick workaround might be to get an exclusive lock on the Excel file while your .exe is running to avoid any interruptions, though that's kind of a temporary fix.

It sounds like the .exe extension might be causing the permissions issues rather than Python itself. You might want to check if your IT can help exempt your .exe from these restrictions.

This might not be a Python-centric answer, but if you're looking for alternatives, you could do your filtering in Power Query. This could sidestep a lot of the SharePoint file access problems, especially if you're logged in under an account that has the necessary permissions.

It’s a bit unclear how you're using Python with Excel. Have you considered using Python directly within Excel? Microsoft has rolled out a feature for that. Plus, there are Python APIs for SharePoint which you can use to access files. You might need to create a dedicated robot user for these tasks.