I currently use a 22-inch 1080p monitor and want to upgrade mainly to get more workspace for browsing, documents, and Excel. I sit about 60 cm from the screen and am completely satisfied with gaming at 1080p. A 27-inch monitor is the largest size that fits my desk.
Would text be comfortable and readable at 4K on a 27-inch display, or would the high pixel density cause scaling issues? Would 1440p be a better compromise, considering that 1080p does not scale cleanly to 1440p? Also, how would games look when running at 1080p on a native 4K monitor? I would prefer not to rely on upscaling because gaining usable screen space is the main reason I want to move to 4K.
4 Answers
A second monitor would normally be a good way to add workspace, but if 27 inches is your desk limit, a single 27-inch 4K display makes sense. You get much sharper text and more desktop area, while still having the option to run games at 1080p when performance or preference calls for it. Upscaling is optional rather than something you have to use.
A 27-inch 4K monitor is excellent for office work at around 60 cm. Text and UI elements look very crisp. You may want to use operating-system scaling, commonly around 125% or 150%, depending on your eyesight and preferred text size, but you should still get a cleaner image than 1080p.
For gaming, 1080p on a 4K panel will not be perfectly sharp because 4K is exactly four times the pixel count of 1080p in each overall dimension, so it can use clean 2x scaling. It should look reasonably consistent, but it will be softer than native 4K. If your monitor or graphics driver supports integer scaling, 1080p can be displayed as a sharp centered image or with properly grouped pixels, though you may get black borders.
That is still probably acceptable for games, especially since the priority is having a better desktop image. Native 1080p on a 27-inch screen is already fairly soft compared with 4K.
1440p is a reasonable gaming resolution, but it does not scale cleanly to a 4K panel either. Both 1440p-to-4K and 1080p-to-1440p involve non-integer scaling, which can make the image look blurry. If you specifically want to run games at 1080p, 4K is actually the better pairing because 1080p maps evenly to 4K.

That sounds promising. My main concern is keeping enough usable space after scaling, so I would probably start with 125% and see how comfortable it is.