I have an ASUS ZenBook UX310UQK and I'm considering running it with the battery removed. It powers on and appears to work normally when connected to the charger, but I'm concerned that heavy workloads—such as running many programs at once—might exceed what the charger can provide. Could this cause the laptop to shut down or become damaged? What precautions should I take?
3 Answers
It’s generally safe if the laptop works normally from the charger alone. The main drawback is that there’s no backup power, so unplugging the cable or losing mains power will shut the computer off immediately and could cause you to lose unsaved work or, in some cases, damage files. Keep the charger connected securely and save your work regularly.
Most laptops can run directly from their power adapter without a battery, although a few models may refuse to boot or display a battery warning. Since this ZenBook already starts and operates without one, normal use should be okay. Just treat it like a desktop computer with no uninterruptible power backup.
Make sure the power adapter is the correct one for the laptop and can supply enough wattage for the system under load. If the adapter is faulty, underpowered, or aging, the laptop might freeze, reboot, or switch off during demanding tasks. A properly rated replacement adapter should be fine; the battery itself is not required to prevent normal hardware damage.
Using the original adapter, or a replacement with the same voltage, connector, and equal-or-higher wattage rating, is the safest approach.

If the old battery is swollen or causing random shutdowns, removing it is the safer temporary option. It should be replaced rather than left installed.