How can I fix the order of my disk partitions?

It’s pretty straightforward! You can use fdisk to fix the partition order. Just enter:

# fdisk /dev/loop1

Then type 'p' to view the current setup. To fix the order, type 'x' for expert commands, then 'f' to fix the partition order, and finally 'w' to write the changes. Just keep in mind to check the configurations of anything using those partitions after this. You might need to tweak them to reflect the changes, but it should work fine!

If you want a specific order in the naming, you might need to write a udev rule. But be careful, as it can complicate things. Creating aliases for your partitions is another option if you just need easier access without making major changes.

I recommend avoiding changes to the partition table if possible. Your main partitions look fine as they are. If you want to add space to the root partition on /dev/sda3, the simplest route is to add a new disk and then extend the Volume Group it's a part of. This way, you can easily extend the logical volumes without messing with the partition order.

Honestly, the order of partitions doesn’t really affect anything except for the EFI and BIOS boot ones. As long as you're accessing them by UUID or path, the numbering doesn't matter too much. However, changing the numbers can get complicated, so be cautious!